Remembering our Duty to Care

Almost five years ago the Animal Welfare Act 2006 came into effect in England and Wales, making the biggest move in protecting our pets since the turn of the last century. For the first time a set of commands laid down by law have been able to be used to help fight the immense problem that is animal cruelty, and that's something I welcome whole-heartedly.

The Animal Welfare Act 2006 states that we must abide by its five points which are defined as 'needs' of any animal. They are to provide:

1. a suitable place to live
2. a proper diet with access to water
3. the ability to express normal behaviour
4. companionship
5. prevention and treatment of illness and injury

In terms of meeting these needs for our guinea pigs and rabbits, we need to assess what their species need in their own rights - which differ enormously - and provide for them.

Meeting the 5 Needs

1. An indoor or outdoor hutch or cage can be provided but they must be more than adequately big enough for them to live in. As a minimum requirement a rabbit should be able to stretch out comfortably and stand on his/her feet without touching the top of the cage. A rabbit should also ideally be able to make 3 hops. The hutch or cage should be secure so they can not escape nor so a predator can break in. Proper weatherproofing is also a must. The cage should overall be safe and provide an area of sanctuary, with the inclusion of a separate sheltered sleeping area.
2. A guinea pig's diet is different to a rabbit's. They should be fed their own specially made feed - added vitamin C for guinea pigs are they can not create it themselves, like humans. Clean and fresh hay must be provided at all times for healthy digestion and mind. Supplementary vegetables should be offered regularly, and fresh water must always be available. It's important to find out what foods are not so healthy and avoid feeding them often or at all (such as carrots which are high in sugar).
3. To allow a rabbit or guinea pig to behave in it's normal manner is to provide mental and physical stimulation. An area to run free is of utmost importance. Providing recreational areas with things to do will enable natural behaviours. Guinea pigs and rabbits are prey animals so need - and love - tunnels and places to hide in. They love the chance to run about and play in a natural group. Foraging areas are necessary for overall health.
4. As guinea pigs are rabbits are prey animals in their natural habitat they still display the need for 'their pack' and depend on companionship. Both animals are social and thrive in a group. Being able to communicate with their own species is important. Providing a friend is comforting and can relieve stress from a lonely life. Without a companion guinea pigs and rabbits can feel lost and vulnerable.
5. Knowing what your guinea pig or rabbit is like normally and closely monitoring and spending time with your furry friend will help you judge if they develop any health problems. Close supervision will be your first weapon against illness and with an onset of symptoms you should act quickly (seek veterinary advice) to avoid pain and suffering. Remember that guinea pigs and rabbits alike are very good at disguising illness so you need to be extra vigilant with furries. Guinea pigs do no require vaccinations but rabbits do. It really is so important to remember to vaccinate your bunny at least yearly (biannual in some cases) to protect against deadly diseases myxomatosis and VHD. Neutering is also recommended, for male and female bunnies who are paired up, and especially for female rabbits who often fall subject to uterine cancer.

Thankfully the majority of us do love our pets ridiculously so and naturally want to provide the best life possible. Not all pet owners are aware of the act still and many of us unknowingly will not be meeting the guidelines, which is why is makes us good owners to honestly admit whether we are personally meeting all the needs of our pets and if we're not, then lets find ways to make it so.

The PDSA has some great advice of the proper care of all kinds of pets, including guinea pigs and rabbits. There is also the PawReport where you can read about the Act for rabbits.

Becky